Capital Gain & Fringe Benefit Tax

Capital gain is defined as capital in process and acquisition cost given by the capital holder. We can calculate the capital by the well known method, in which number one is known as Discount method. Discount method is applicable when history of transaction is at least twelve month old. The second method is Indexation method which is applicable when assets acquisition done before 21 st September and held for more than twelve month. The last one is residual method in which, we are calculating the capital gain when transaction history of less than 12 month. Therefore, at any condition we will apply the for calculation will come under this three tools.   The property bought before 20 th September 1985 which is further stated as   Capital loss (Long term): The is thumb rule for asset capitalization that, if there is any loss in long term capital then it can be waived against only by long term capital, if there is no gain for adjustment in the current year it can be carried forward to next year of assessment and can be settled only against Long term capital loss.   The is thumb rule for asset capitalization that, short term capital loss can be settled against long term capital gain of assets, if there is no gain for adjustment in the current year it can be carried forward to subsequent next year Assessment years and set off against both short term Gain and long term gain. Condition (a) It is very clear that Mr. Dave Solomon, who residing in his two story building for last 30 years going for sale now, the cost of purchasing this asset was $ 70,000, the sale happened for $ 8,50,000 on date of 27 th June of the present tax year. The residential building sale was organized through auction. The buyer paid him $ 8,50,00 as an advance for buying the house, but due to some unavoidable circumstances he is not able to pay rest of the money. In such condition there is rule of money forfeiting for i.e. advance money cannot be returned, therefore, finally there is profit of $85000 for Dave Solomon.   Condition (c) The Sale of luxurious motor cruiser which was happened 1 st June for $ 60,000 and this was purchased in 2004 for $ 1,10, 000. This was sold to local boat broker on that area  Ã‚  Ã‚   Condition (d)) As mentioned in the case study the selling of parcel of equity occurred which was of newly listed mining company on 10 th of January of the current year at the cost of $75,000. He sold these shares on 05 th of June of the current year for $80,000. During purchase these shares he borrowed a loan of $ 70,000 and paid interest on the loan of $5,000. In addition of these he has also given money for brokerage of share as $750 and also stamp duty paid by Dave Solomon for $ 250. There is a rule for income tax is that interest of loan is not included in the tax. Therefore, he is not liable to pay tax for interest part (Seidman, 2003).   Overall calculation for asset                             Ã‚                    Ã‚   As per given the detail calculated above, tax return of Mr. Dave shows that capital loss of $ 10,000 from the sale of shares, therefore, this can be adjusted with current year long term capital gain Therefore, Net Capital gain in long term = $ 1, 04,961 - $10,000 = $ 94,961   Net Capital gain is the sum of all gain arrived from sale from sale of capital asset subtracting loss in sale of capital assets, in this all losses of the capital assets is subtracted which also included loss on sale of capital from previous years as well. In other meaning of this ‘the tax on capital gain is tax which similar to gain occurred due to sale of asset and therefore, tax should be given for gain happened on sale of capital asset in the same year in which income has happened in which sale happened. Looking forward with given condition, Mr. Dave have gain on sale of assets in the same income year in which sale happened. Therefore, Mr. Dove has earned profit on sale of asset. So finally we can say that he can contribute to his superannuation fund. For doing this Mr. Dave al already maintained records of respective transaction which was happened during all the above stated process, for example, interest on loan, purchase receipts, fees for legal work, cost occurred in mi tigation of fees, and also record of brokerage paid on shares. (Peter 2016).   As per the above capital analysis, Net loss in capital is sum of all loss arises from sale of capital asset which includes loss from previous year, as per rule stated in condition (a) Mr. Dave cannot normalize his capital loss from other source of income but it can be carried forward for next years and deduct it from capital gain arrived in next years. Capital loss can be carry forward for indefinite periods if necessary. Mr. Dave does not able to choose not to normalize the losses against any capital gain however they can deduct such loss as per their choice with gain of capital. If Mr. Dave is not having profit in gain of capital, then he has to sell more of his assets or acquire loan so that he can contribute to his personal superannuation fund and then buy a rented city apartment and withdraw tax free amount from his personal superannuation fund once he attains the age of 60 in august of next year. (learn.nab.com, 2016).   First of all, I have to summarize all the things which is given in second part of assignment There was a manufacturer of bathtub its name is Periwinkle Pty ltd. This company provided a car to the Emma who is employee of this company and usually in regular journey for company purpose, but use of car is not limited to company purpose, this car is given by company and used for personal purpose also. The car was purchased by company at the cost of $ 33000 on 1 st of May 2015. The journey of Emma taken place about 10,000 km, during the period 1 st May 2015 to 31 st March 2016. There was maintenance cost incurred in car which is $ 550 and this was later given by company. AT one point of time the car was kept at airport. The duration of car parking was about 10 days at airport. Further, the car was given for maintenance and not used for about 5 days. A loan of $ 500000 was given to Emma by the company on the date of 1 st September 2015 at a lower interest rate of 4.45%. By using this amount Emma procured a holiday home at the cost of $ 4, 50,000 and the balance amount was given to her husband for the purpose of buying share in Telstra. One more thing happened in 2015 is that she has taken a bathtub from company Periwinkle Pty ltd. At the cost of $1300. The cost incurred for manufacturing this bathtub was around $ 700 and this company selling this bathtub at the cost of $2600.   The employer is liable to pay fringe benefit tax for their employee, if they have given facility either at no coast or at the lower cost from the market rate at it should be non-cash benefit given by the employer. If employee used this facility for personal purpose in this condition employee is also liable to pay fringe benefit tax This Tax is liable on Car parking, Property and Residual, Car, Loan, Payment of Expense, Housing, Airline, transport, The definition of Fringe benefit tax includes car as a wagon of station or any vehicle used to carry goods on net weight of less than one tons or any vehicle used to carry less than nine passengers. But when the car is used for personal purpose i.e. and such benefit given by the employer to the employee fill comes under fringe benefit and hence tax will be calculated on such benefit. If the car by the company is provided for the period of less than three month then it will not be considered as that employee is holding car and fringe benefit tax is not be computed. As per the condition given is case study the car which used by Emma comes under the definition of fringe benefit tax. Therefore, car provided by the company comes under the law of fringe benefit tax. Another thing is that car is also used for private purpose, and there is a rule that if the car is not at the premises of the employer and is given to employee for private use and the car is parked at the premises of the employee. The car for the purpose of maintenance is being considered as out of the rule of fringe benefit act. (Roger T, 2013)   In this scenario we have to note that car was not used for 5 days when it was given for repairing but car parking to the airport will be considered as car used by Emma for that 10 days. If car key is submitted by Emma to the employer, then these days are not considered as total days for fringe benefit tax. The total running of car is about 15000 km.   It is a general rule that whenever, loan is given to the employee at a lower interest rate, then it will attract fringe benefit tax. As the given condition load is given at the rate of 4.45% which lower than the market rate which 5.95%.   But as given in case study, $450000 were used for buying a house and balance amount is transferred for purchase of equity to her husband. But amount used by Emma for house purchase is $450000, in this condition tax will remain same as $7500   If the total amount is being used by Emma, then fringe benefit tax will be calculated by this method AS given in case study, the purchase of company’s product (bathtub) was taken place at $ 1300, usually this was sold at $ 2600.   Therefore, the difference in i.e. $2600 - $1300 comes and then Emma is liable for fringe benefit tax.   Ault, H. and Arnold, B, 1997,  Comparative income taxation. The Hague: Kluwer Law International. Daily, F, 2003,  Tax Savvy for Small Business. Berkeley: Nolo.   j, P, 2016,  Calculating Capital Gains Tax - the basics for Australian investors | delisted Australia. [online] Delisted.com.au Koulizos, P, 2013,  Property vs shares. Milton, Queensland: Wrightbooks.   Preve, L. and Sarria-Allende, V, 2010,  Working capital management. New York: Oxford University Press.   Ross, S., Westerfield, R. and Jordan, B, 2007,  Essentials of corporate finance. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Scott, R., Currie, G. and Tivendale, K, 2012,  Company cars and fringe benefit tax. Wellington, N.Z.: NZ Transport Agency. Seidman, J, 2003,  Seidman’s legislative history of federal income and excess profits tax laws, 1953 - 1939. Clark, NJ: Lawbook Exchange. Taxation, 1995, Canberra: Australian Govt. Pub. Service.   Wilkinson, M,1992,  Taxation. Basingstoke: Macmillan.   Vataliya, K. 2008.  Management of working capital. Jaipur, India: Paradise Publishers.   Global Property Guide. 2016.  Australia capital gains tax rates, and property income tax.  

How cultural values get reflected in technological artifacts Essay

How cultural values get reflected in technological artifacts - Essay Example Poster informs that the media of first media age is centralized and restricted as it is in the hands of certain producers and consumers who use media for their own purposes. Moreover, Poster adds that no value is given to culture in first media age while the second media age because of its being unrestricted will give value to culture. Technology helps any culture to depict its cultural values. With the help of technological development, media is going to be free to reveal its culture with freedom, as is informed by Poster. According to Poster, technology has affected the society and culture as a whole because it is only because of technological developments that the media is going to enter from first media age to the second media age. With technological development, there will also be culture development and media will enjoy more freedom as compared to its previous status. According to Poster, with the help of technology and culture in the second media age, the communication process will be decentralized. According to Mark Poster, the second media age is closely related to enhancement in technology. Mark Poster informs with the help of interface that the technology has improved. According to him, the word interface means a connection between human beings and the machines. Computers have an interface that allow them to be connected to human beings, while being worked at. According to Mark Poster, it is the technology that can be considered as associated to the second media age. With the help of technology, the second media age will be more supportive for media. Communication in second media age will be decentralized. Winner, in his article, â€Å"Do Artifacts Have Politics?† informs that culture and technology are related to politics. According to Winner, technological design, artifacts and social order have the power to affect the affairs of a community.

Federalist Papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Federalist Papers - Essay Example The overall purpose was not only to reshape the constitution of the country but also to ensure the ratification of the US as a combined State. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton as well as John Jay are considered as the authors of these papers though at the time of their publication, the original authorship of these articles were kept secret. Out of all these articles, federalist paper 10 and 51 are considered as most important papers outlining the broader scope and structure of the constitution of the country besides presenting plausible arguments in favor of the formation of one large State. Federalist 10 actually dealt with how to deal with small factions or interest groups and what should be the overall structure of the State to overcome or control such factions. It is written in continuation of the Federalist 9 and also outlines as to how the existence of such groups can tear apart the whole republic. Federalist 51 discusses as to how an effective system of checks and balance as well as the separation of the powers within the government. This paper will therefore discuss both these papers and will explore some of the key arguments made in these papers. Federalist # 10 Federalist 10 discussed extensively the role of the factions and how they can actually damage a republic. Madison was of the view that there are two ways through which such factions can be dealt with. He was of the view that either the very cause of the factions should be removed or the damage caused by such factions should be controlled. 1. His arguments therefore were largely in favor of how to balance both the aspects of factions and devise mechanism to deal with them. One of the key arguments made by the Madison outline that such factions cannot be eliminated altogether because majority can also form such factions. The republic according to Madison however, should be large and diverse enough while at the same time maintain the enough commonality. Madison argued in this paper that a direct democracy would be necessary in place of indirect democracy. Further, he was of the view that the representative democracy should be implemented in order to protect the interests of the individuals from the majority rule. (Meyerson, 2008) The role of anti-federalist however, should also be taken into consideration in the wake of their overall stance on the formation of a central authority. Madison throughout this paper argued that the formation of a large republic is essential in order to control the influence of such faction groups. Anti-federalists also argued that a diverse republic would be difficult to survive and therefore advocated giving more powers to the States based on the notion of locality. (Amar, 1993) The arguments of the anti-federalist can also be considered as interesting in the sense that they argued that the states a large state of the size of United States would eventually fail. As such the notion that a large republic is necessary in order to control the influe nce of the factions would not provide any credible or long term solution to the problem. Anti-federalist view also holds that if the republic is consolidated and a larger State is created, the overall chances of the representation of the people would be reduced. They argue that its through local participation that the representation of citizens could be ensured. In nutshell, Federalist 10 argued that the factions and their influence in the society and political activity could be controlled through the creation of a larger republic managed through representative democracy. Federalist#51 Federalist 51 is another important essay in the series of Federalist Papers outlining the need to have a proper check and balance system. Further it also outlines

Alcoholism and Drinking - Alcoholics Anonymous as an Important Literary

Alcoholics Anonymous as an Important Literary Work Alcoholics Anonymous is one of the great unrecognized literary works of the first half of the twentieth century.   It has been through three editions after its first printing in 1939 and at least fifty-three printings in over ninety countries (xxii).   The wide popularity and circulation of the book certainly affirms this claim.   An examination of the contents of the book will show that it also deserves this title.   It is a rich work because it conveys a basic human condition, though ugly, until that time not often spoken of in public.   If it simply did this and nothing more it would merely be a good book.   But it does more than speak to an ugly condition; it gives a blueprint for change.      The human condition which is spoken about in Alcoholics Anonymous is the dichotomy of the life of the alcoholic.   These alcoholics are not easy to categorize; they are not always a Dr Jekyll by day and Mr Hyde by night.   Bill, who explains his life story in the first chapter, explains how he studied economics, business and law to join speculators on Wall Street.   Up until this point, drinking had interfered in his life, but was not a continuous plague.   Yet, over the course of time he becomes an alcoholic for a variety of reasons, like many individuals described throughout the book.   The alcoholics described are not portrayed as unintelligent, unsuccessful or insignificant.   They are men who have high positions, who are by turns "brilliant, fast-thinking, imaginative and likeable" (139).   The conclusion of a prima facie inspection of these individuals would not include over indulgence of alcohol.   But under the alcoholic influence these attributes worthy of no te slowly atrophy and... ...the book is flexible enough to be implemented in other ways is the indication that it is a book of stature.        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally, one cannot easily undermine the experience of those who have read the book and changed.   These are the ones who will agree most wholeheartedly with the assertion that Alcoholics Anonymous is a great unrecognized literary work.   Indeed, these individuals are the evidence of this assertion as well.  Ã‚      Bibliography    Alcoholics Anonymous conveys not a singular story, but stories - ones common to alcoholics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The story common to alcoholics is one also shared by wives, family members, employers, and so forth.   Thus Alcoholics Anonymous is not just a book for alcoholics but also for those who come into contact with them.   The audience of    "matters medical, psychiatric, social, and religious" (19).     

Bank of Canada Monetary Policy

On the contrary to the policies of the United States, material about Canada’s monetary policy was easily accessible on the Bank of Canada website, straight-forward and easy to understand. It’s clear that their target audience is the average Canadian citizen. They didn’t give the ‘run-around’ so- to- speak, of what their main objectives are, and much of it was watered down so that anyone could comprehend it. The Bank focuses on keeping inflation low, stable and predictable in order to encourage long-term investments for citizens to contribute to lasting economic growth, the creation of jobs and increased productivity – which will ultimately improve standard of living. This strategy is encompassed by the inflation control target that was adopted by the Bank of Canada in 1991, which sets a control range of 1-3 percent, ideally with a 2 percent midpoint. And, looking at historical statistics since its inception, the Bank has been able to maintain this control effectively. For example, inflation rate for 1Q 2013 was 1. 3%. According to the Bank, this monetary policy is implemented by influencing short-term interest rates which is done by raising or lowering the target for the overnight rate. In the end, a reduction in the policy rate, or easing of monetary policy, can be expected to boost total demand for Canadian goods and services, and vice versa. In addition to this, another goal for the Bank is maintaining flexible exchange rates – which they consider best suited for achieving their inflation target. The floating Canadian dollar provides an exchange rate buffer which allows the economy to absorb and adjust to economic shocks it may encounter. Though additional factors like exchange rates and unemployment seem to be important to policy makers, they are not focused on as intently as inflation and little information is available in regard to them. Their thinking is that monetary policy cannot have a systematic and sustained effect on any other variable, thus making it senseless to adopt any other long-term targets. It seems apparent that the Canadian policy strives to remain â€Å"forward looking† in a sense. The Bank places much of its emphasis on long-lasting shocks to the economy, rather than those believed to be short lived. By attempting to keep inflation close to their target, they consider themselves better able to respond to changes in the economic environment in such a way to avoid situations of excess demand or upply. Thus, pressures of inflation rising or falling are kept to a minimum. There’s much argument surrounding whether or not Canada’s policy is really that good or if they have just been lucky over the years. Volatility has increased in the Canadian economy over the years, however, they believe that their â€Å"exceptional† economic performance was the result of an even greater imp rovement in monetary policy and the policy offset the volatile environment, resulting in greater macroeconomic performance. It’s especially important to the Bank to remain credible to the Canadian people by being open and clear about their policy choices. They feel that this credibility keeps expectations to preserve future inflation close to the target and this â€Å"anchors† them to ensure that it happens. Even though Canada’s approach to communicating its monetary policy is much different than that of the United States, one could argue that they may be ‘putting blinders’ on their citizens, to avoid poor performance in other areas. Is their layman, tunnel vision approach regarding inflation control diverting the public from questioning whether or not it the best framework to utilize to drive the economy in a positive direction? The Canadian economy is still struggling to recover from the Great Recession and is trying to find ways in order to avoid the zero lower bound issue, but they put little importance communicating on how they are going to do so with the public.

Fall of Man Depicted in Atwoods Backdrop Addresses...

Fall of Man Depicted in Atwoodsnbsp; Backdrop Addresses Cowboynbsp;nbsp; The sexual politics of the man-woman relationship, or more specifically the sexual exploitation of women by men, is a clear concern in Margaret Atwoods Backdrop Addresses Cowboy. Although the oppressor-as-male theme is by no means an original source of poetic inspiration, Atwoods distinction is that she views the destructive man-woman relationship as a metaphor for, symptom and symbol of, bigger things. From the vantage-point of feminine consciousness, Margaret Atwood empahsizes the backdrop as being not only the woman, but also the land and the spiritual life of the universe; the cowboy is both a man bent on personal gain (possibly an American based†¦show more content†¦Perhaps the creation of a relatively structureless poem intentionally suggests by Atwood that no adequate structure exists to make the images of pain and death meaningful. The literal meaning of the first stanza is not difficult to grasp as it introduces an actor portraying a cowboy against a western backdrop on a movie set. Starspangled suggests his costume is less than authentic and is worn more for commercial appeal than factual representation. The almost-silly west and paper-mache cactus perpetuate the artifice of the western movie by setting a scene which relies on props and phony imagery. Even the actors porcelain grin is weak and easily broken. The implicit reality of this stanza is that the cowboy is a symbol of Americanism. he represents the triumph og man over nature, the taming of the west. the cowboy embodies imperialistic strength and he is idolized for his heroism by millions of people who are influenced by mass-media propaganda, namely, the western movie. The second stanza, though only two lines in length and undifferentiate by lack of punctuation, carries a powerful message. the cowboys virtue is directly compared to the dangerous, criminal potential of a bullet in a simile

Tough Guise 2 Essay - 1375 Words

Individual Society – Film Assignment: â€Å"Tough Guise 2† No matter what, we are almost always talking about violence masculinity in America. Whether we are talking about the horrifying, high-profile mass shooting we have seen over recent decades, the far greater rates of murder and gun violence we see on a day – to – day basis that barely register in the national news, or the epidemic of sexual violence and domestic violence, the vast majority of this violence is committed by men, young men, and boys (Jackson Katz, 2013). Throughout this essay the topics covered will be how culture defines masculinity, according to the film, violent masculinity as a cultural norm, agents of socialization that teach boys how to be men, the cool†¦show more content†¦In order to be a man, you have to be violent. Violence is something you are taught. You are taught from people who are showing you what it means to be a real man. You have to act all tough and â€Å" cool† and show no emotion, except anger. 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